Muab faib Linux Disk thiab hom
Lub hom phiaj ntawm daim ntawv:
Daim ntawv no yuav pab tau los coj mus partitioning ib hard disk drive uas txuas ib qhov system linux. Formatting linux partitions thiab mounting rau lawv.
Faj seeb: Xiav ntawv nyob hauv daim ntawv no yog sawv cev rau commands console lawv txhaj. Txiv kab ntxwv phau ntawv yog sawv cev rau cov zis commands. Ntawv dub yog sawv cev rau kev qhia rau cov neeg commands thiab qhia txog cov zis commands.
OS: OS siv piv no yog Ubuntu12.04. Koj yuav nrhiav tau qhov no yog hais kom ua li nram no.
root@ubuntu-12: ~ # miv/yam/qhov teeb meem
Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS
Muab faib qauv:
Mus saib tam sim no muab faib qauv ntawm nkag rau tom qab hais kom ua.
root@ubuntu-12: ~ # df -h
Raws li cov Filesystem siv Avail siv % Mounted rau
/ dev/sda1 15G 2.4G 12G 18% /
udev 239M 4.0K 239M 1% /dev
tmpfs 99M 772 K 99 M 1% /run
All 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% / mus dhia/ntsuas phoo
All 248M 148K 248M 1% / mus dhia/shm
Disk rau neeg rau zaub mov:
Saib ntau npaum li cas disks txuas nrog rau lawv ntaus tom qab hais kom ua.
root@ubuntu-12: ~ # fdisk -l xuv xim | grep ^ Disk
Disk /dev/sda: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000d2cfb
Li ib saum toj no tso zis ntau lawm, tam sim no muaj muaj zog xwb 1 disk "/ dev/sda" txuas rau lub.
Partition disk tshiab uas siv hais kom ua fdisk
Tam sim no kuv muaj ntxiv ib disk tshiab rau neeg rau zaub mov no ua cov formatting siv fdisk disk scenario.
Peb yuav xyuas seb ib tug tshiab disk ntxiv yog ntawm los ntawm kev kuaj siv fdisk hais kom ua raws li nram qab no.
root@ubuntu-12: ~ # fdisk -l xuv xim | grep ' ^ Disk /dev'
Disk /dev/sdb tsis muaj ib cov lus siv tau muab faib
Disk /dev/sda: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb: 8589, MB 8589934592 bytes
Tam sim no nws yog uas qhia tias ib tug disk tshiab nrog rau daim ntawv lo "/ dev/sdb" uas loj 8589MB kuaj mob thiab tam sim no nws tsis muaj ib cov lus siv tau muab faib.
Mus partition disk "/ dev/sdb", thov sau hais kom ua raws li nram qab no:
root@ubuntu-12: ~ # fdisk/dev/sdb
Dais muaj tej nuj nqis tus khiav dej num DOS muab faib rooj ua ntej los yog tiv tshav ntuj kub, SGI los yog OSF disklabel
Lub tsev ib tug tshiab DOS disklabel nrog disk identifier 0xc0074826.
Hloov yuav nyob twj ywm hauv lub cim xeeb xwb, kom txog thaum koj txiav txim siab kom lawv sau.
Tom qab ntawd, tau kawg, cov ntsiab lus teev tsis muaj recoverable.
Ceeb toom: invalid chij 0x0000 cov lus muab faib 4 yuav tsum ho yog w (rite)
Hais kom ua (m kev pab):
Sau m li cov tswv yim thiab koj yuav tau txais tag nrho muaj commands ntawm no:
Hais kom ua (m kev pab): m
Txiav txim hais kom ua
d rho tawm lub muab faib
l sau paub tias txoj kev muab faib
m luam daim ntawv qhia zaub mov no
n ntxiv tus tshiab muab faib
o ua lub tshiab tas DOS muab faib cov lus
p sau cov cov lus muab faib
q tawm yam tsis txuag kev hloov
t hloov ib lub muab faib lawv tus id
v muaj tseeb rau cov lus muab faib
w sau lus disk thiab tawm
Los ua ib tug tshiab muab faib rau nws tshiab khiv disk, kuv xaiv "n" saud muaj keyboards.
Hais kom ua (m kev pab): n
Muab faib yam:
p thawj (0 lub tsev, txuas, 0 4 dawb)
e ntawm kev ncua
Tam sim no koj yuav muab neb ib tug twg "p" lossis "e" nyob raws li qhov koj xav los ua ib tug neeg muab faib los yog tau muab faib nyob ntev heev.
Xaiv (vim p): p
Muab faib (1-4, vim 1) xov tooj: 1
Thawj sector (2048-16777215, vim 2048): 2048
Lub xeem sector, + sectors lossis + loj npaum cas {K, M, G} (2048-16777215, vim 16777215): 10000
Mus sau muab faib ntxhuav rau disk muab "p" li input hais kom ua.
Hais kom ua (m kev pab): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 8589, MB 8589934592 bytes
255 hau, 63 sectors/khiav, thooj voos kheej kheej 1044, tag nrho cov 16777216 sectors
Chav nyob = sectors ntawm 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector loj (zajlus kom/lub cev): 512 bytes/512 bytes
I/O loj (kawg/noj): 512 bytes/512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xc0074826
Ntaus khau raj pib kawg Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 10000 3976 + 83 Linux
Tam sim no kuv yuav tsim ib tug ntau muab faib uas yuav raug ncua cia li piv txwv.
Hais kom ua (m kev pab): n
Muab faib yam:
p thawj (1 lub tsev, 0 ncua, 3 dawb)
e ntawm kev ncua
Xaiv (vim p): e
Muab faib (1-4, vim 2) xov tooj: 2
Thawj sector (10001-16777215, vim 10001): 10001
Lub xeem sector, + sectors lossis + loj npaum cas {K, M, G} (10001-16777215, vim 16777215): 16777215
Mus sau muab faib cov lus rov qhia "p" raws li cov tswv yim. Tam sim no koj yuav tau txais partitions 2 /dev/sdb1 thiab /dev/sdb2 ntawm disk.
Hais kom ua (m kev pab): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 8589, MB 8589934592 bytes
255 hau, 63 sectors/khiav, thooj voos kheej kheej 1044, tag nrho cov 16777216 sectors
Chav nyob = sectors ntawm 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector loj (zajlus kom/lub cev): 512 bytes/512 bytes
I/O loj (kawg/noj): 512 bytes/512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xc0074826
Ntaus khau raj pib kawg Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 10000 3976 + 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 10001 16777215 8383607 + 5 extended
Tam sim no qhov no yog ib lub sij hawm yog tias koj pom zoo raws li tus partitions tsim, ces lawv sau rau disk (txuag kom disk).
Muab "w" raws li cov tswv yim sau kev hloov rau disk.
Hais kom ua (m kev pab): w
Rooj muab faib tau raug kho!
Hu rau ioctl() los rov nyeem cov lus muab faib.
Syncing disks.
Tam sim no tsim ib mount taw tes (directory) rau mount lub muab faib raws li nram qab no.
root@ubuntu-12: ~ # mkdir /disk2
root@ubuntu-12: ~ # mkdir /disk3
Tam sim no hom disk kom nws ua tej ntaub ntawv uas yuav muaj. Kuv formatting nrog ext3 cov ntaub ntawv tsim. Siv cov hauv qab no hais kom ua.
Formatting ib Disk:
root@ubuntu-12: ~ # mkfs.ext3/dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42 (29-Nov-2011)
Daim ntawv lo Filesystem =
Yam OS: Linux
Thaiv loj = 1024 (cav = 0)
Fragment me me = 1024 (cav = 0)
Stride = 0 blocks, dav Stripe = 0 blocks
1000 tauj inodes, 3976 blocks
198 blocks (4.98%) qhaib rau tus neeg siv super
Thawj cov ntawv thaiv = 1
Blocks ntau filesystem = 4194304
pawg 1 thaiv
8192 blocks ib pab pawg neeg, 8192 tawg tsam ib pawg
1000 tauj inodes ib pawg
Allocating pab pawg ntxhuav: ua li cas
Sau ntawv inode ntxhuav: ua li cas
Tsim phau ntawv journal (1024 blocks): ua li cas
Sau ntawv superblocks thiab cov filesystem accounting ntawv: ua li cas
Txhua yam hais txog ib tug disk creation, formatting, cov ntaub ntawv uas yog teeb. Tam sim no koj tau mount koj muab faib rau ib tug taw tes mount tsim lawm. Kuv pomzoo uas qhia koj rau mount /dev/sdb1 muab faib tsim rau mount taw tes /disk2.
Mounting muab faib ib:
root@ubuntu-12: ~ # mount /dev/sdb1 /disk2/
Tam sim no kuv yuav nrhiav ib txwm muab faib rau lawv thiab yuav nrhiav tshiab muab faib rau nws.
root@ubuntu-12: ~ # df -h
Raws li cov Filesystem siv Avail siv % Mounted rau
/ dev/sda1 15G 2.4G 12G 18% /
udev 239M 4.0K 239M 1% /dev
tmpfs 99M 780 K 99 M 1% /run
All 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% / mus dhia/ntsuas phoo
All 248M 148K 248M 1% / mus dhia/shm
/ dev/sdb1 3.8M 1.1M 2.6M 30% /disk2
Hloov cov ntaub ntawv /etc/fstab:
Kuv xav ua qhov no mounted partition muab faib rau kuv lub zog lawm. Ua li no kuv yuav tsum ua tau ib qhov rooj li ntaub ntawv /etc/fstab. Thov koj ua raws li cov nram qab no hais kom ua thiab ntxiv kev nkag teb chaws rau hauv ntaub ntawv.
root@ubuntu-12: ~ # vi/yam/fstab
thiab ntxiv hauv qab kab rau hauv ntaub ntawv:
sai/dev/sdb1 /disk1 ext3 1 2
Kaw thiab kaw cov ntaub ntawv.
Daim ntawv lo lub muab faib:
Koj tau sau npe rau lub muab faib siv e2label. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias koj yuav tau sau npe rau tus tshiab muab faib /backup, sau
root@ubuntu-12: ~ # e2label/dev/sdb1 /backup1
Ziag no koj yuav tau siv daim ntawv lo "/ backup1" siv "/ dev/sdb1". i.e hauv/yam/fstab ua raws li nram no.
Sau npe rau = / backup1 /disk1 ext3 sai 1 2
