Txhua yam hais txog hom Disk thiab hom Disk

Qhov 1. Lawv cov ntaub ntawv yog dab tsi?

CIA LUB

Tshuab tej ntaub ntawv uas siv los pab rau Teacher thiab muab tej ntaub ntawv tseem nraaj thiab populations easy sai li sai tau. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm nkauj nraug tag nrho cov pab ntxiv yog rau ib tog, muab cia rau hauv tus heev heev me hlwb los sis sectors ntawm lub hard disk drive (HDD). Cov sectors no xwb grouped rau tej pawg ua ke (Microsoft hu kom lawv 'rau lwm lub'). Txhua pawg qhov luaj li cas yog nyob ntawm ob peb txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub computer. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ob pawg yog nws ua hauj lwm zoo zog (OS), HDD qhov luaj li cas thiab lawv cov ntaub ntawv xwb. Nyob ntawm lub me me ntawm ib pawg, tus efficiency ntawm HDD yuav sib txawv thiab, thiaj li lub computer productivity puas yuav sib txawv heev.

Nyob rau cov tshooj no peb yuav luv luv ib muag thiab cov loj piv txawv ntawm qhov rais peb nyiam tuaj tshuab tej ntaub ntawv: FAT32, NTFS & HPFS.

Qhov 2. cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus hom

ROG saib ib muag

Ib yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshaj simplistic tshuab muaj muaj roj. Thawj 'ua ntaub ntawv thov lub rooj' yog tsim los ntawm lub rooj vag Bill thiab Marc MacDonald li hauv xyoo 1977. Dhau lub caij nyoog ntev uas yog tej ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas cov DOS thiab Microsoft Windows (up until qhia qhov rais kuv).

Nyob rau txhua lub nruab rog sectors nyob hauv txhua pawg muaj sib npaug zos rau tej hwj huam uas ob tug (xws li 1, 2, 4, 8 thiab lwm yam). Muab ib daim ntaub ntawv rau ib txwm ntawm tej pawg ua ke (1 yam tsawg kawg). Yog li, yog hais tias peb yuav tau khaws cov ntaub ntawv 40B thiab qhov luaj li cas txhua pawg yog 4KB, peb yuav tsuas siv ntawm 1% ntawm cov muaj cim xeeb, uas ua rau nws inefficient theej. Thiaj li tus me me ntawd luaj li cas ntawm txhua pawg – cov productivity ntau dua ntawm lawv.

Muaj plaub versions ntaub ntawv lub: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32 thiab exFAT. Tag nrho tej yam txawv los sib saib raws cov nyiaj siv cia index tsawg txhua pawg bytes. Yog li, piv txwv li, FAT16, no yog 16 ua luaj rau. Rau qhov xyaum FAT12 yog feem coob siv hauv floppy disks, FAT16 CDs uas muaj tsuas me lub thiab lub exFAT tseem tau siv nyob rau hauv ntau flash drives. Lawv cov ntaub ntawv uas yog peb xav siv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv yog FAT32, thaum nws tseem yog ib lub tsho tshaj.

FAT32 nyob rau qhov uas qhia tawm ntawm lub qhov rais 95 OSR2 hauv 1996 thiab yeej tseem zoo yog ib qho kev kho tshiab version ntawm FAT16. FAT32 siv lub 32B addressing lawv mus nyob, nrog rau cov kev txwv rau cov ntaub ntawv raws li muab 4GB. Rau qhov Xyaum siv nws txhais tias qhov tsawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau FAT32 4.177.920 thiab ntau cov ntaub ntawv/folders ib txhua sis 65.534. Ntawm nimno, 95 qhov rais, qhov rais 98, 2003 qhov rais thiab qhov rais 7 txhua txhawb FAT32. Tiam sis, txawm tias 2000 qhov rais thiab qhov rais XP tau nyeem thiab sau ntawv FAT32, biggest FAT32 tej ntaub ntawv uas uas tsim tau rau cov platforms yog 32GB xwb.

HPFS ib muag

HPFS los yog 'Lub siab kev kawm ntaub ntawv System' yog lawv tsim tau rau OS/2 xav kom tsis txhob muaj cov roj. Lub koom haum directory ntawm HPFS yog tib yam li roj, tab sis nws kuj ntxiv feature tus ntawm cov xovtooj kaw lus sorting txog cov ntaub ntawv, raws li lawv cov npe. Lub filename loj xwb txuas mus li 254 ob chav byte cim. Tsis tas li, HPFS siv sectors lub cev, ntau dua li tej pawg ua ke, uas yuav txog chaw disk ploj yig. Ntxiv thiab, HPFS tus yuam kev kho muaj rab peev xwm no zoo tshaj dua roj.

Kiag HPFS lawm nws disadvantages thiab. Nws tseem zoo tshaj rau cov drives hauv lub 200MB-400MB ntau yam. Yog hais tias qhov ntim tshaj 200MB, nws ua rau HPFS inefficient theej; thiab thaum lub ntim muaj tshaj 400MB, rau cov neeg siv yuav muab muag los ntawm tej kev kawm degradation. Thiab nws yog xwb txaus siab raws li qhov rais NT versions 3.1 3.5 thiab 3.51.

NTFS ib muag

NTFS los yog 'Tshiab Technology ntaub ntawv System' – cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus los ntawm Microsoft. Vim cov ntaub ntawv lawv tsev neeg qhov rais NT. Keeb xeeb tau hais nyob rau xyoo 1993, succeeding heev los ntawm cov thawj ntawm: HPFS. Nws txhim kho loj HPFS thiab muaj roj tsawg yog ntawd tej kev cia siab rau, muaj functionality thiab tshem tawm cov kev txwv, piv nrog HPFS thiab muaj roj.

Kev cia siab rau: Firstly, NTFS ib txwm taug qab cov nws muas rau lawv cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no tso cai rau kom sai 'dov rov' muas kom kawg taw tes ua hais kom cia lawv mam zoo. Secondly, yog tias tej pov haum ntawm lawv ntog, nws cia li ua rau ib zaug xwb sector tsis ua hauj lwm, uas tsis muaj feem xyuam rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus tshuam. Thirdly, NTFS txhawb kho kub.

Functionality: NTFS nws rov muab lub platform rau lwm cov tshuab ua ntaub ntawv thov los yuav ua tau raws li qhov dav. Nws kuj txhawb lub qhov rais NT ruaj ntseg qauv thiab ntaub ntawv ntau kwj. Tsis tas li, nws yuav ua rau cov neeg siv ntxiv hais tseg lawv muab rau cov ntaub ntawv xaiv.

Tshem tawm cov kev txwv: Tseem ceeb tshaj, nyob rau hauv NTFS qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab tagnrho muaj lawm ho ntau zog, muab los siv kom mus tau li 2 ^ 64 bytes. Zoo li muaj roj, NTFS kuj yuav siv tej pawg ua ke, solves teeb meem ntawm ib zag sector loj, muag los ntawm cov neeg siv cov HPFS uas.

Hais txog disadvantages, nws tsis pom zoo rau siv nws lub ntim, me dua 400MB (xws li teeb meem rau HPFS). Ntxiv thiab, tseem tsis muaj ntaub ntawv encryption rau lub cia.

FAT32 vs NTFS

Tam sim no NTFS yog ib qhov system txheem ua ntaub ntawv thov rau txhua lub tsev OS, pib ntawm qhov rais NT thiab onwards. Lub ntsiab peb tseem ceeb reasons xav li FAT32 yog:

Cov muaj peev xwm ua kom zoo los ntawm kev uas tsis hais txog disk txiav;

Paub cov kev them nyiaj yug rau HDD loj;

Ruaj siab ntau heev, raws li lawv tso cai thiab encryption pub saib rau tej ntaub ntawv;

Qhov kos xwb yuav tau yog hais tias koj siv dual-booting koj lub computer. Muaj ob yam OS koj lub computer yuav teev tias tus ua ntej lawm OS yuav tsum muab ntsia rau FAT32. Dua li no, koj yuav nco ntsoov tias FAT32 yog ib tug thawj muab faib rau tus ntawd lub computer.

Xaus: Yog li lawv cov ntaub ntawv preferable rau lub qhov rais nta yog NTFS. Tab sis, yog hais tias koj tseem siv cov FAT32 thiab xav hloov li cas, ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv qhia yooj yim yuav hloov ua lwm yam mus NTFS tsis poob tej ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb.